Acetobacter pasteurianus IFO 3283 (= NBRC 3283)

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Acetic acid bacteria (AAB) are a group of widely diverged bacteria within alpha-proteobacteria and also known for their genetic instability. Acetobacter pasteurianus is one of the popular AAB, which has been used for traditional vinegar production. A. pasteurianus IFO 3283 (= NBRC 3283) was isolated from a pellicle formed on the surface of fermentation of traditional Japanese rice vinegar. Since the deposit of the pure culture in IFO (Institute for Fermentation, Osaka) in 1954, the strain had been maintained by a series of passages at three-months intervals until 1974 when freeze-dry preservation method was established. As a result, a multi-phenotype cell complex with non-homogeneous colony textures was formed.

To avoid the loss of genetic information pertaining to useful features maintained in the cell complex, whole-genome shotgun libraries were constructed from genomic DNA extracted from the cell complex without any single colony isolation. After sequencing and assembly, 38 assembling gaps and sequence discrepancies remained as candidate loci of genomic variations. A total of 32 substrains were then isolated from the cell complex and their sequence variations were confirmed by resequencing of the candidate loci. In total, 4 transposon insertions, 3 SNPs and 3 Hyper-mutable Tandem Repeats (HTRs) were identified as chromosome variations, while a transposon insertion and a HTR were observed in the largest plasmid. This strategy allowed us to establish whole genome sequences, each being composed of a single chromosome and 6 plasmids, of 7 representative substrains (IFO 3283-01, 03, 07, 12, 22, 26 and 32). Genome analysis of A. pasteurianus thus provided important insights into the genetic instability and flexibility of hyper-mutabe AAB.

For simplicity, this database deals only with one of the 7 representative substrains, IFO 3283-32, which is thought to bear the original phenotype of IFO 3283.

photo by Dr. Muramatsu (NBRC,NITE)